VScode配置心得

写在前面

感觉现在很多非计算机专业的朋友也有很多写代码的需求，最近几个月陆续有些朋友问了我一些有关于C++开发环境配置、代码编辑器选择相关的问题。

由于网上已有很多教程，所以在这里主要还是分享一些我在配置 C++ 开发环境过程中的经验，并对各个网络教程做一个汇总。

从0到1

不论你的用途是什么，代码编辑器首选 vscode。

理由很简单：1、免费。2、对于非计算机行业从业者来说，能涵盖所有需求。

windows配置vscode C++ 开发环境的教程
mac配置vscode C++ 开发环境的教程

windows需要用户自己下载 gcc/g++ 编译器，按照教程下载 MinGW 即可；macOS 自带了 clang 编译器，配置过程稍简单一些。

主题和字体

FiraCode 是一个非常好看的字体，并且可以支持连字符（当然不喜欢用连字符也禁掉）

FiraCode配置教程

可以在VScode的扩展中下载各式各样的主题，笔者使用的是 Dracula Official

扩展

在上面的 vscode 配置教程中已经安装了 C++ 开发环境所必须的的插件了。其他的可以自己在使用过程中按需安装。可以看看 这里

快捷键

进入 左下角【管理】-【键盘快捷方式】- 右上角【打开键盘快捷方式】

可以直接将 keybindings.json 覆盖为下列 json 代码，保存后即可生效。

// Place your key bindings in this file to override the defaultsauto[]
[ 
    // 放大字体
    {
        "key": "cmd+1",
        "command": "editor.action.fontZoomIn"
    },

    // 缩小字体
    {
        "key": "cmd+2",
        "command": "editor.action.fontZoomOut"
    },
    
    // 将整行向上移动
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+[",
        "command": "editor.action.moveLinesUpAction",
        "when": "editorTextFocus && !editorReadonly"
    },
    {
        "key": "alt+up",
        "command": "-editor.action.moveLinesUpAction",
        "when": "editorTextFocus && !editorReadonly"
    },

    // 将整行向下移动
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+]",
        "command": "editor.action.moveLinesDownAction",
        "when": "editorTextFocus && !editorReadonly"
    },
    {
        "key": "alt+down",
        "command": "-editor.action.moveLinesDownAction",
        "when": "editorTextFocus && !editorReadonly"
    },

    // 运行代码
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+r",
        "command": "code-runner.run"
    },
    {
        "key": "ctrl+alt+n",
        "command": "-code-runner.run"
    },

    // 将光标聚焦到编辑器
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+up",
        "command": "workbench.action.focusPreviousGroup"
    },

    // 将光标聚焦到终端
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+down",
        "command": "workbench.action.terminal.focus"
    },

    //  通过tab进行代码补全
    {
        "key": "tab",
        "command": "acceptSelectedSuggestion",
        "when": "suggestWidgetVisible && textInputFocus"
    },
    {
        "key": "shift+tab",
        "command": "acceptSelectedSuggestion",
        "when": "suggestWidgetVisible && textInputFocus"
    },
    {
        "key": "tab",
        "command": "selectNextSuggestion",
        "when": "suggestWidgetMultipleSuggestions &&editorTextFocus &&  suggestWidgetVisible"
    },
    {
        "key": "shift+tab",
        "command": "selectPrevSuggestion",
        "when": "suggestWidgetMultipleSuggestions && editorTextFocus &&  suggestWidgetVisible"
    },
    {
        "key": "cmd+down",
        "command": "-workbench.action.terminal.focus",
        "when": "accessibilityModeEnabled && accessibleViewOnLastLine && terminalHasBeenCreated && accessibleViewCurrentProviderId == 'terminal' || accessibilityModeEnabled && accessibleViewOnLastLine && terminalProcessSupported && accessibleViewCurrentProviderId == 'terminal'"
    },
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+down",
        "command": "-workbench.action.terminal.selectToNextCommand",
        "when": "terminalFocus && terminalHasBeenCreated || terminalFocus && terminalProcessSupported"
    },
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+down",
        "command": "-cursorBottomSelect",
        "when": "textInputFocus"
    },
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+up",
        "command": "-workbench.action.terminal.selectToPreviousCommand",
        "when": "terminalFocus && terminalHasBeenCreated || terminalFocus && terminalProcessSupported"
    },
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+up",
        "command": "-list.collapseAll",
        "when": "listFocus && !inputFocus && !treestickyScrollFocused"
    },
    {
        "key": "shift+cmd+up",
        "command": "-cursorTopSelect",
        "when": "textInputFocus"
    }
]

设置

进入 左下角【管理】- 【设置】- 右上角【打开设置】

如果懒得研究每个条目的具体含义，可以直接将 settings.json 覆盖为下列 json 代码，保存后即可生效。由于包含了很多笔者自己的插件的配置或者字体，如果遇到不能生效的直接删去即可，着重看带了注释的条目。

注意有些配置是基于 clang 或者本地文件的，如果是 g++ 编译器，请记得更改。

{
    // 设置定时自动保存
    "files.autoSave": "afterDelay",
    "workbench.iconTheme": "material-icon-theme",
	"code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
    "files.defaultLanguage": "html",
	"explorer.confirmDelete": false,
	"editor.detectIndentation": false,
	"editor.fontLigatures": false,
    "editor.fontWeight":"500" ,
	"files.autoGuessEncoding": true,
	"maven.excludedFolders": [
		"**/.*",
		"**/node_modules",
		"**/target",
		"**/bin"
	],
	"editor.suggestSelection": "first",
    "vsintellicode.modify.editor.suggestSelection": "automaticallyOverrodeDefaultValue",
	"C_Cpp.commentContinuationPatterns": [
		"/**"
	],
	"C_Cpp.files.exclude": {
		"**/.vscode": true
	},
	"security.workspace.trust.untrustedFiles": "open",
	"cmake.configureOnOpen": true,
	"terminal.integrated.enableMultiLinePasteWarning": false,
	"workbench.colorTheme": "Dracula Soft",
    "bracketPairColorizer.depreciation-notice": false,
    // 自动保存时间间隔长度
    "files.autoSaveDelay": 100,
    "editor.autoClosingBrackets": "always",
    "C_Cpp.default.cppStandard": "c++17",
    "[python]": {
        "editor.formatOnType": true
    },
    "code-runner.executorMap": {
        "javascript": "node",
        "java": "cd $dir && javac $fileName && java $fileNameWithoutExt",
        "c": "cd $dir && gcc $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "zig": "zig run",
        // 一键运行 C++ 时的命令，基于 clang 编译器
        // 如果是 g++， 把这一条的 clang++ 改成 g++ 即可
        "cpp": "cd $dir && clang++ --std=c++17 $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt -Wall && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "objective-c": "cd $dir && gcc -framework Cocoa $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "php": "php",
        "python": "python -u",
        "perl": "perl",
        "perl6": "perl6",
        "ruby": "ruby",
        "go": "go run",
        "lua": "lua",
        "groovy": "groovy",
        "powershell": "powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -File",
        "bat": "cmd /c",
        "shellscript": "bash",
        "fsharp": "fsi",
        "csharp": "scriptcs",
        "vbscript": "cscript //Nologo",
        "typescript": "ts-node",
        "coffeescript": "coffee",
        "scala": "scala",
        "swift": "swift",
        "julia": "julia",
        "crystal": "crystal",
        "ocaml": "ocaml",
        "r": "Rscript",
        "applescript": "osascript",
        "clojure": "lein exec",
        "haxe": "haxe --cwd $dirWithoutTrailingSlash --run $fileNameWithoutExt",
        "rust": "cd $dir && rustc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "racket": "racket",
        "scheme": "csi -script",
        "ahk": "autohotkey",
        "autoit": "autoit3",
        "dart": "dart",
        "pascal": "cd $dir && fpc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "d": "cd $dir && dmd $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "haskell": "runghc",
        "nim": "nim compile --verbosity:0 --hints:off --run",
        "lisp": "sbcl --script",
        "kit": "kitc --run",
        "v": "v run",
        "sass": "sass --style expanded",
        "scss": "scss --style expanded",
        "less": "cd $dir && lessc $fileName $fileNameWithoutExt.css",
        "FortranFreeForm": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "fortran-modern": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "fortran_fixed-form": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "fortran": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "sml": "cd $dir && sml $fileName"
    },
    // C语言格式
    "C_Cpp.clang_format_style": "{BasedOnStyle: Chromium, IndentWidth: 4}",
    "git.ignoreLegacyWarning": true,
    "editor.wordWrap": "on",
    "[json]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode"
    },
    "editor.unicodeHighlight.ambiguousCharacters": false,
    "editor.fontFamily": "Fira Code",
    "window.zoomLevel": 1,
    "[cpp]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-vscode.cpptools"
    },
    "redhat.telemetry.enabled": true,
    "terminal.integrated.fontFamily": "MesloLGS NF",
    "git.autofetch": true,
    "[markdown]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "yzhang.markdown-all-in-one"
    },
    "[jsonc]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "vscode.json-language-features"
    }
}

用户代码片段

进入 左下角【管理】-【用户代码片段】，然后创建 C++ 的用户代码片段。

将整个文件覆盖为如下代码即可：

{
	"cpp":{
		"prefix": "xcpc",
		"body":[
            "#include <algorithm>",
            "#include <cstdio>",
            "#include <iostream>",
            "#include <map>",
            "#include <set>",
            "#include <vector>",
            "#define all(x) x.begin(), x.end()",
            "typedef int64_t ll;",
            "typedef std::pair<int, int> pii;",
            "typedef std::pair<ll, int> pli;",
            "typedef std::pair<ll, ll> pll;",
            "typedef double db;",
            "typedef long double ldb;",
            "const int maxN = 2e5 + 5;",
            "",
            "int main() {",
            "    freopen(\"input.txt\", \"r\", stdin);",
            "    // freopen(\"output.txt\", \"w\", stdout);",
            "    std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);",
            "    std::cin.tie(NULL);",
            "",
            "    int T = 1;",
            "    std::cin >> T;",
            "    while (T--) {",
            "    }",
            "",
            "    return 0;",
            "}",
            ""
		],
		"description": "cpp-templte"
	}
}

以后输入 “xcpc” ，再回车，就可以直接打出来这些代码。当然读者可以根据自己的兴趣更改。